Is your toddler suddenly waking multiple times a night and refusing naps right around their first birthday? The 12-month and 18-month sleep regressions are two of the most challenging phases parents face, driven by major developmental milestones like walking, talking, and growing independence. The good news: they typically last only 2-6 weeks and will pass with the right approach.

What Is the 12-Month Sleep Regression?

The 12-month sleep regression is a temporary disruption in sleep patterns that typically occurs between 11 and 13 months of age. A baby who was previously sleeping well may suddenly start waking frequently at night, resisting bedtime, and refusing naps.

According to the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), this period coincides with significant physical and cognitive milestones, making temporary sleep disruption a normal part of development.

Common Signs of the 12-Month Sleep Regression

Waking 2-3 or more times per night
Taking 30+ minutes to fall asleep
Refusing naps or taking short naps (30-40 minutes)
Increased fussiness and clinginess
Early morning wakings before 5 AM
Standing or attempting to walk in the crib

Causes of the 12-Month Sleep Regression

1. Walking Development

Around 12 months, many babies are taking their first steps. The brain and muscles are working overtime to master this new skill, creating a state of excitement that carries into nighttime. Babies may practice standing or walking in their crib instead of sleeping.

2. Nap Transition Confusion

Many parents assume their 12-month-old is ready to drop to one nap, but most children are not ready for this transition until 15-18 months. Dropping a nap too early leads to overtiredness, which paradoxically makes nighttime sleep worse.

💡 If your 12-month-old refuses a nap, don't immediately drop it. Wait 2-3 weeks to see if it's truly a permanent change or just part of the regression.

3. Separation Anxiety Peaks

Around the first birthday, babies fully develop object permanence — the understanding that people and things still exist even when out of sight. This means they know you're somewhere else when you leave the room, intensifying bedtime resistance and nighttime distress.

4. Cognitive Leaps

At 12 months, babies are learning to understand simple words, point to objects, and grasp cause and effect. This explosion of brain activity can make it harder for them to settle their minds for sleep.

What Is the 18-Month Sleep Regression?

The 18-month sleep regression is widely considered the hardest sleep regression by pediatric sleep experts. Occurring between 17 and 20 months, it goes beyond simple night waking to include strong resistance, tantrums, and outright defiance at bedtime.

Common Signs of the 18-Month Sleep Regression

Intense bedtime resistance and refusal to lie down
Attempting to climb out of the crib
Waking at night and staying up for an hour or more
Complete nap refusal (especially the afternoon nap)
Intense crying and tantrums at bedtime
Refusing to sleep without a parent present

Causes of the 18-Month Sleep Regression

1. Language Explosion

The period around 18 months is a time of explosive language development. Your toddler's brain is processing new words, phrases, and sentence structures at a rapid pace. This heightened brain activity can make it difficult to wind down for sleep, and some toddlers even practice new words in their cribs at night.

2. Emerging Independence and Willpower

At 18 months, toddlers develop a strong sense of self and autonomy. They want to make their own decisions, and "No!" becomes a favorite word. Going to bed is something a parent tells them to do, so it becomes a natural target for resistance.

3. Molar Eruption

The first molars typically begin erupting around 18 months. Because molars have a larger surface area than front teeth, they cause more pain as they push through the gums. This discomfort is often worse at night when there are fewer distractions.

4. Nap Transition Period

Between 15 and 18 months, most toddlers transition from two naps to one. If this transition is not yet complete or is poorly timed, the resulting overtiredness or undertiredness can disrupt nighttime sleep.

5. Developing Fears and Imagination

At 18 months, toddlers develop greater imaginative capacity, which can lead to new fears of the dark or being alone. Even a child who previously slept independently may suddenly become afraid of their dark room.

12-Month vs. 18-Month Sleep Regression: Key Differences

Factor	12-Month Regression	18-Month Regression
Typical Age	11-13 months	17-20 months
Primary Triggers	Walking development, nap transition starts	Language explosion, emerging autonomy
Key Behaviors	Standing in crib, nap refusal	Strong resistance, tantrums, crib climbing
Separation Anxiety	Increasing	At its peak
Teething	Incisors	First molars
Duration	2-4 weeks	2-6 weeks
Difficulty Level	Moderate	Most challenging

How Long Do These Regressions Last?

Both the 12-month and 18-month sleep regressions typically last 2-6 weeks. However, the duration is significantly influenced by how parents respond:

Consistent response: Recovery in 2-3 weeks
Inconsistent response: Can extend to 6+ weeks
New sleep habits formed: Regression may become permanent change

💡 If you create new sleep crutches during a regression (like rocking to sleep or bed-sharing), those habits may persist long after the regression ends.

7 Strategies to Survive Sleep Regressions

1. Maintain a Consistent Bedtime Routine

Consistency is the most powerful tool during any sleep regression. Keep your established bedtime routine exactly the same.

Start bedtime preparation at the same time each night
Follow a predictable sequence: bath, brush teeth, stories, lullaby
Dim lights and reduce stimulation 30 minutes before bed

2. Ensure Adequate Daytime Activity

Provide plenty of physical activity during the day, especially opportunities to practice new motor skills like walking and climbing. This reduces the urge to practice at night.

Get outdoor time for natural light exposure (strengthens circadian rhythm)
Adjust wake windows appropriately for your child's age
Transition to calm activities 1-2 hours before bedtime

3. Time the Nap Transition Correctly

Don't rush the transition from two naps to one based on a few days of nap refusal. Refer to an age-appropriate nap schedule and look for these signs that your child is truly ready:

Consistent refusal of the morning nap for 2+ weeks
Taking two naps causes a very late bedtime
Managing well on one nap without becoming overtired
Age 15 months or older

4. Address Separation Anxiety

Practice short separations: During the day, briefly leave the room and return to build confidence
Play peekaboo: Reinforce the concept that you always come back
Offer a comfort object: A lovey with your scent can provide reassurance
Keep goodbyes brief: A short, calm "Goodnight, see you in the morning" each time

5. Manage Teething Pain

When molars are erupting, proactive pain management can make a big difference:

Offer cold teething toys before bed
Gently massage sore gums
Consult your pediatrician about appropriate pain relief
Provide plenty of chewing opportunities during the day

6. Optimize the Sleep Environment

Maintain an ideal sleep environment throughout the regression:

Keep room temperature at 68-72°F (20-22°C)
Use white noise consistently
Ensure the room is very dark with blackout curtains
Check crib safety (especially when babies start standing and climbing)

7. Take Care of Yourself

Sleep regressions are exhausting for parents too. The 18-month regression in particular is known to be the most draining.

Take turns with your partner for nighttime duty
Catch up on sleep during naps on weekends
Remind yourself this phase is temporary
Don't hesitate to ask for help from family, friends, or professionals

What NOT to Do During a Sleep Regression

1. Don't Overhaul Sleep Habits

Don't start new sleep training during a regression
Don't abandon existing sleep training and switch to rocking or co-sleeping

2. Don't Rush the Nap Transition

Don't drop to one nap at 12 months just because of nap resistance
Distinguish between regression-related nap refusal and genuine readiness to transition

3. Don't Over-Respond

Wait 1-2 minutes before responding to nighttime cries
Avoid turning on bright lights or screens

4. Don't Push Bedtime Later

"Tiring them out more" is a myth
Overtiredness actually increases night wakings

5. Don't Use Food as a Sleep Aid

Offering snacks or milk every time your toddler wakes can create a nighttime feeding habit

How Are the 12- and 18-Month Regressions Different from Earlier Ones?

Regression	Primary Cause	Key Feature	Duration
4 months	Sleep architecture maturation	Permanent change in sleep cycles	2-6 weeks (includes permanent changes)
8 months	Crawling, separation anxiety	Practicing crawling at night	2-6 weeks
12 months	Walking, cognitive leap	Standing in crib, nap refusal	2-4 weeks
18 months	Language explosion, autonomy	Strong resistance, tantrums	2-6 weeks

The 4-month regression involves a permanent change in sleep architecture, while the 12-month and 18-month regressions are temporary disruptions tied to developmental milestones. With consistent responses, they will pass.

When to See a Pediatrician

Consult your child's doctor if:

The regression lasts longer than 6 weeks
Your child is inconsolable and cannot be calmed
Other symptoms are present (fever, loss of appetite, lethargy)
You notice snoring, mouth breathing, or possible sleep apnea
Your own sleep deprivation is seriously affecting daily functioning

Track Sleep Regression Patterns with BebeSnap

Effectively managing a sleep regression starts with accurately tracking and analyzing your child's sleep patterns. BebeSnap makes this process easy and insightful.

Sleep logging: Automatically record bedtimes, wake times, and night wakings
Pattern analysis: Identify when a regression begins and when recovery starts
Nap tracking: Monitor nap frequency and duration to guide transition timing
AI chatbot: Get personalized advice for your child's specific sleep challenges

References

12-Month & 18-Month Sleep Regression: Causes, Duration & Survival Tips